Mating Puff Adders

By Victoria Nuttall-Smith 

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A few evenings ago,

while returning to camp, my guests and I experienced a bucket list sighting. Only, it had not been on our bucket lists until we were right there, in the moment, experiencing two puff adders caught in copulation. 

Awestruck and reeling from the adrenaline of nearly mistaking them for a stick on the road, we silently watched as the large female puff adder dragged her male counterpart around.  

Admittedly, I need to be better versed in the mating antics of these snakes, and thus, I was prompted to do a deep dive into all the wonderous aspects associated with puff adder procreation. Here is what I learned: 

  1. This male was probably not the only suitor. The female would have left a trail of pheromones signalling her readiness to mate. All mature males in the area would have received her signal; they would have roused themselves from their winter hidey-hole in pursuit of her. The male would have had to duel with opponents before claiming his prize.

  2. Once the male emerged victorious, he would approach the female and initiate copulation. Puff adders practice internal fertilisation, where the male inserts his hemipenis into the female’s cloaca. The hemipenis is a specialised organ found in male snakes, used exclusively for mating. 

  3. After watching them for more than 30 minutes, it was clear they had no intention of parting. This is because puff adder copulation can be hours long.

  4. Being a viviparous species, puff adders give birth to live young. A typical litter is between 20 and 40 snakes, but some female puff adders have been recorded birthing over 100 live young! 

After much appreciation for the ceremonious occasion we had observed, we left the two snakes no different than we had found them, fused together, and determined to ensure the success of the next generation of puff adders on MalaMala. 

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Travelling to MalaMala